Ascent, Descent, and Divergence: Darwin and Haeckel on the Human Family Tree

Authors

  • Sander Gliboff

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5399/uo/konturen.7.0.3523

Abstract

In their pathbreaking discussions of the human family tree in the 1860s and 1870s, Ernst Haeckel and Charles Darwin had to account for both the ascent of the species and its diversification into races. But what was the cause and the pattern of diversification, and when did it begin? Did we attain a common humanity first, which all the races still share? Or did we split up as apes and have to find our own separate and perhaps not equivalent ways to become human? Using texts and images from their principal works, this essay recovers Haeckel’s and Darwin’s views on these points, relates them to the monogenist-polygenist debate, and compares them to Alfred Russel Wallace’s 1864 attempt at a compromise.

Author Biography

Sander Gliboff

Sander Gliboff is associate professor in the Department of History and Philosophy of Science at Indiana University. His research interests are in the history of biology, especially evolution and heredity, and the sciences in modern Germany and Austria. He is the author of H. G. Bronn, Ernst Haeckel, and the Origins of German Darwinism: A Study in Translation and Transformation (2008). He is currently writing a book on Darwinian evolution at the turn of the 20th century, as well as a series of articles on Erich Tschermak and early Mendelism.

Downloads

Published

2014-09-16

How to Cite

Gliboff, S. (2014). Ascent, Descent, and Divergence: Darwin and Haeckel on the Human Family Tree. Konturen, 6, 103–130. https://doi.org/10.5399/uo/konturen.7.0.3523